Octane Lighting Parts !!TOP!!
An established brand with over 20 years in the market, Octane Lighting specializes in automotive, marine, motorcycle, home, and business lighting. The brand is committed to providing quality products that can withstand the test of time, as well as the usual wear-and-tear.
Octane Lighting Parts
Headquartered in Southern California in the United States, Octane Lighting is a known manufacturer of different automotive, motorcycle, marine, home, and business lighting products and accessories.
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Ethanol has a higher octane number than gasoline, providing premium blending properties. Minimum octane number requirements for gasoline prevent engine knocking and ensure drivability. Lower-octane gasoline is blended with 10% ethanol to attain the standard 87 octane.
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In this tutorial, Tim shares ten tips which explore basic lighting concepts and how we can implement these in our CG set ups. This tutorial was originally published in 2015 and the main renderer focused on was the Cinema 4D Physical Renderer. Since then, the landscape has changed considerably and we have many more render engines to choose from, they are generally faster and offer more features that Physical, which is now outdated.
We used a 3D scan of two bears, sculpted by Hanna Gärtner, which was downloaded from My Mini Factory website which is an amazing resource for scans from all around the world and these models are excellent for practising lighting and shading in 3D as well as for printing. We used two simple Redshift grey materials, one slightly rougher and darker for the floor and lighter grey material for the model. These materials are the same for each render, so that gives us a base for comparison
The preview scene is set to use cm for project scale, and the sculpture of the Bears, is 1.5 metres high. Using real world scale for your scenes will help with lighting as you can accurately size and position lights based on real objects. This will help calculations such as light falloff and shadows to be more physically correct.
Global Illumination and Radiosity are the terms used to describe the process of calculating indirect lighting. The following is a simplified explanation and not all renderers work the same, but hopefully this helps explain the general principle behind Global Illumination (GI).
In the images below you can see the difference that adding GI makes, from left to right we have Dome Light, Dome Light with GI, Area Light and Area Light with GI. Notice how the images appear slightly lighter, this is due to the additional bounces of light which are now illuminating parts of the model indirectly and is especially noticable between the legs of the bear.
The reason I included Dome lighting in a tip about Global Illumination, is because over the last few years (decade maybe), it has become increasingly popular to use the combination of High Dynamic Range Images (HDRI) with Dome Lights and Global Illumination as the sole light source for rendering. The advantage of this is that you have a quick and easy solution for lighting your scenes realistically with only a few clicks. You can cycle through your HDRI library until you find a look that appeals to you. Job done!
The type of illumination and the shadow a light produces will strongly influence the feeling of your shot. For a hot sunny day you would want the light to be bright, reflective and glaring, the shadow would be dark and hard with very little falloff. In sharp contrast to this, an overcast day would have soft lighting with very little specular and the shadows will be lighter with very soft edges.
To create these types of lighting effects in the real world, you could use big soft boxes or bounce the light onto huge sheets of polystyrene to create very diffuse lighting. You can also adopt these tricks in the 3D world and emulate traditional photographic lighting tricks by bouncing your lights off large surfaces to create a similar effect.
A common lighting technique is three point lighting, this uses a main light (key) for the primary illumination, a fill light to illuminate the darker areas, often finished off with the third light, a rim of light from behind to lift the subject away from the background.
The key / fill ratio is the balance between the intensity of the various lights dictating the overall contrast. If the key light is bright and fill lights are dull, the result is high contrast dramatic lighting such as the full sun of midday. If the illumination of all lights is more or less the same, the result is the opposite and the scene will look flatter, more like an overcast cloudy day.
The images below demonstrate a simple three point lighting setup, starting with just the Key Light, then adding in a Fill Light, finally a bright Rim Light behind. The problem with the Rim Light in this example, is that it also adds a lot of light to the floor behind the model which may not be desired.
A common lighting trick is to light in layers and have areas of dark move to light and then back to dark to light. This lifts the hero elements away from the background but also allows detail to be seen in the distance. Using include lists or light linking gives you the freedom to light your foreground and background objects independently.
As you add more lights to your project it can be difficult to really assess the influence each has on the scene. I like to solo my lights as I build my lighting, this means that I disable all the other lights in my scene and focus on each individual light to refine the illumination and the shadows being cast.
One of the advantages of CG lighting over practical is that you have complete control over every light. Lights create diffuse reflections, specular reflections, shadows and they also contribute to other render features such as GI and Sub-Surface Scattering.
These tips for lighting are just the beginning of your adventure. The journey through each and every project you take on will improve and enhance your lighting skills, this is something that you will constantly finesse for the duration of your career. Always learning more and improving. I hope this small collection of tips helps those of you new to this and inspires you to keep on rendering.
If you are interested in in depth lighting training then please check out learn. Pro Lighting with Cinema 4D and Redshift. This course will teach you fundamental principles for successfully lighting with Cinema 4D and Redshift. Mixing the artistic with the practical, this course covers technical aspects of digital lighting along with creative workflow. Starting with light fundamentals to set you on the right track, we quickly move on and explore multiple lighting setups in a variety of scenes.
The Nordic is equipped with dual gas tanks. This made it handy to test one myth that is commonly questioned. Will I gain any power by running premium fuel? We filled one tank with 87 octane the other with 93. Peak HP came in at 387.3. That is of a HP less than with 93 octane. Studying the dyno sheets shows the 87 test to be within 1-2 HP of the 93 octane across the board, which falls within the acceptable tolerance of repeatability. I think we can safely say there was no difference between the 2 type fuels on this engine.
24000. Wherever in this division the word "department" occurs, itmeans the Department of the California Highway Patrol.24001. This division and Division 13 (commencing at Section 29000),unless otherwise provided, applies to all vehicles whether publiclyor privately owned when upon the highways, including all authorizedemergency vehicles.24001.5. A golf cart as defined in Section 345 shall only besubject to the provisions of this division which are applicable to amotorcycle.24002. (a) It is unlawful to operate any vehicle or combination ofvehicles which is in an unsafe condition, or which is not safelyloaded, and which presents an immediate safety hazard. (b) It is unlawful to operate any vehicle or combination ofvehicles which is not equipped as provided in this code.24002.5. (a) No person may operate a farm labor vehicle that is ina condition that presents an immediate safety hazard or in violationof Section 24004 or 31402. (b) A violation of this section is a misdemeanor punishable by afine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) and not more thanfive thousand dollars ($5,000), or both that fine and a sentence ofconfinement for not more than six months in the county jail. No partof any fine imposed under this section may be suspended. (c) As used in this section, an "immediate safety hazard" is anyequipment violation described in subdivision (a) of Section 31401 orSection 31405, including any violation of a regulation adoptedpursuant to those provisions. (d) Any member of the Department of the California Highway Patrolmay impound a farm labor vehicle operated in violation of thissection pursuant to Section 34506.4.24003. No vehicle shall be equipped with any lamp or illuminatingdevice not required or permitted in this code, nor shall any lamp orilluminating device be mounted inside a vehicle unless specificallypermitted by this code. This section does not apply to: (a) Interior lamps such as door, brake and instrument lamps, andmap, dash, and dome lamps designed and used for the purpose ofilluminating the interior of the vehicle. (b) Lamps needed in the operation or utilization of those vehiclesmentioned in Section 25801, or vehicles used by public utilities inthe repair or maintenance of their service, or used only for theillumination of cargo space of a vehicle while loading or unloading. (c) Warning lamps mounted inside an authorized emergency vehicleand meeting requirements established by the department.24004. No person shall operate any vehicle or combination ofvehicles after notice by a peace officer, as defined in Section 830.1or subdivision (a) of Section 830.2 of the Penal Code, that thevehicle is in an unsafe condition or is not equipped as required bythis code, except as may be necessary to return the vehicle orcombination of vehicles to the residence or place of business of theowner or driver or to a garage, until the vehicle and its equipmenthave been made to conform with the requirements of this code. The provisions of this section shall not apply to an employee whodoes not know that such notice has been issued, and in such event theprovisions of Section 40001 shall be applicable.24005. It is unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale,lease, install, or replace, either for himself or as the agent oremployee of another, or through such agent or employee, any glass,lighting equipment, signal devices, brakes, vacuum or pressure hose,muffler, exhaust, or any kind of equipment whatsoever for use, orwith knowledge that any such equipment is intended for eventual use,in any vehicle, that is not in conformity with this code orregulations made thereunder.24005.5. It is unlawful for any person to sell or offer for salefor use on loads regulated by the department any type of syntheticfiber rope or webbing strap material unless it meets requirementsestablished by the department.24006. No person shall sell or offer for sale either separately oras a part of the equipment of a new motor vehicle any equipment ordevice subject to requirements established by the department unlessthe equipment or device bears thereon the trademark or name and typeor model designation under requirements established by the departmentand is accompanied by any printed instructions which may be requiredby the department as to the light source to be used with lamps, anyparticular methods of mounting or adjustment of lamps or otherdevices, and any other instructions as determined by the departmentnecessary for compliance with this code.24007. (a) (1) No dealer or person holding a retail seller's permitshall sell a new or used vehicle that is not in compliance with thiscode and departmental regulations adopted pursuant to this code,unless the vehicle is sold to another dealer, sold for the purpose ofbeing legally wrecked or dismantled, or sold exclusively foroff-highway use. (2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to any vehicle sold by either (A)a dismantler after being reported for dismantling pursuant toSection 11520 or (B) a salvage pool after obtaining a salvagecertificate pursuant to Section 11515 or a nonrepairable vehiclecertificate issued pursuant to Section 11515.2. (3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the equipment requirements ofthis division do not apply to the sale of a leased vehicle by adealer to a lessee if the lessee is in possession of the vehicleimmediately prior to the time of the sale and the vehicle isregistered in this state. (b) (1) Except as provided in Section 24007.5, no person shallsell, or offer or deliver for sale, to the ultimate purchaser, or toany subsequent purchaser a new or used motor vehicle, as those termsare defined in Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 39010) of Part 1 ofDivision 26 of the Health and Safety Code, subject to Part 5(commencing with Section 43000) of that Division 26 which is not incompliance with that part and the rules and regulations of the StateAir Resources Board, unless the vehicle is sold to a dealer or soldfor the purpose of being legally wrecked or dismantled. (2) Prior to or at the time of delivery for sale, the seller shallprovide the purchaser a valid certificate of compliance orcertificate of noncompliance, as appropriate, issued in accordancewith Section 44015 of the Health and Safety Code. (3) Paragraph (2) does not apply to any vehicle whose transfer ofownership and registration is described in subdivision (d) of Section4000.1. (4) Paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply to any vehicle sold byeither (A) a dismantler after being reported for dismantling pursuantto Section 11520 or (B) a salvage pool after obtaining a salvagecertificate pursuant to Section 11515 or a nonrepairable vehiclecertificate issued pursuant to Section 11515.2. (c) (1) With each application for initial registration of a newmotor vehicle or transfer of registration of a motor vehicle subjectto Part 5 (commencing with Section 43000) of Division 26 of theHealth and Safety Code, a dealer, the purchaser, or his or herauthorized representative, shall transmit to the Department of MotorVehicles a valid certificate of compliance or noncompliance, asappropriate, issued in accordance with Section 44015 of the Healthand Safety Code. (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of this subdivision, withrespect to new vehicles certified pursuant to Chapter 2 (commencingwith Section 43100) of Part 5 of Division 26 of the Health and SafetyCode, a dealer may transmit, in lieu of a certificate of compliance,a statement, in a form and containing information deemed necessaryand appropriate by the Director of Motor Vehicles and the ExecutiveOfficer of the State Air Resources Board, to attest to the vehicle'scompliance with that chapter. The statement shall be certified underpenalty of perjury, and shall be signed by the dealer or the dealer's authorized representative. (3) Paragraph (1) does not apply to a transfer of ownership andregistration under any of the circumstances described in subdivision(d) of Section 4000.1.24007.1. (a) The manufacturer of equipment used in the assembly ofan authorized emergency vehicle, as defined in Section 165, used by alocal public fire service agency shall, upon request of the firedepartment, reimburse the agency for the cost of repairs to thevehicle if (1) the repair was made to correct a manufacturer'sdefect, and (2) the vehicle is placed on a safety-related recall tocorrect that defect. (b) A final stage equipment manufacturer is deemed to be anoriginal equipment manufacturer in the event of a warranty disputewith a local public fire service agency regarding the failure ofcomponent parts used in the assembly of the agency's authorizedemergency vehicle. As used in this section, "final stage equipmentmanufacturer" means the manufacturer who assembles the authorizedemergency vehicle from one or more components supplied by othermanufacturers. (c) The Legislature finds and declares that local public fireservice agencies of this state are entitled to safe and efficient useof their equipment, and that defects in emergency equipment,especially emergency vehicles, endanger the firefighters ofCalifornia and the public they serve. It is the intent of theLegislature to ensure that these defects are repaired asexpeditiously as possible and with no expense to the local publicfire service agencies.24007.2. If a dealer, or a person holding a retail seller's permit,sells to an elderly low-income person, as defined in Section39026.5 of the Health and Safety Code, a 1966 through 1970 model yearmotor vehicle which is not equipped, as required pursuant toSections 43654 and 43656 of that code, with a certified device tocontrol its exhaust emission of oxides of nitrogen, the dealer orsuch person, as the case may be, shall install the required certifieddevice on the motor vehicle without cost to the elderly low-incomeperson.24007.5. (a) (1) No auctioneer or public agency shall sell, atpublic auction, any vehicle specified in subdivision (a) of Section24007, which is not in compliance with this code. (2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to a vehicle that is sold underthe conditions specified in subdivision (c), (d), (e), or (g) or issold to a dealer or for the purpose of being wrecked or dismantled oris sold exclusively for off-highway use. (b) Except with respect to the sale of a vehicle specified inparagraph (2) of subdivision (a), the consignor of any vehicle,specified in subdivision (b) of Section 24007, sold at publicauction, shall provide the purchaser a valid certificate ofcompliance or certificate of noncompliance, as appropriate, issued inaccordance with Section 44015 of the Health and Safety Code. (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this code, if, in theopinion of a public utility or public agency, the cost of repairs toa vehicle exceeds the value of the vehicle to the public utility orpublic agency, the public utility or public agency shall, astransferee or owner, surrender the certificates of registration,documents satisfactory to the Department of Motor Vehicles showingproof of ownership, and the license plates issued for the vehicle tothe Department of Motor Vehicles. As used in this section, "publicutility" means a public utility as described in Sections 218, 222,and 234 of the Public Utilities Code. (d) The public utility or public agency having complied withsubdivision (c) shall, upon sale of the vehicle, give to thepurchaser a bill of sale which includes, in addition to any otherrequired information, the last issued license plate number. (e) (1) Subdivisions (a) and (b) do not apply to any judicialsale, including, but not limited to, a bankruptcy sale, conductedpursuant to a writ of execution or order of court. (2) Subdivision (b) does not apply to any lien sale if thelienholder does both of the following: (A) Gives the notice required by subdivisio